Goulburn, town, south-eastern Australia. Located in south-eastern New South Wales on the state's southern plateau, it lies 170 km (110 mi) south-west of Sydney and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of Canberra. Goulburn is located in a rich agricultural district and is an important transport junction for both road and rail. Founded in 1828, the town was a main centre for police forays against bushrangers, or highwaymen, during the era of the gold rush, and it has one of the largest jails in New South Wales. The Goulburn area has a reputation for the production of fine wool and wool auctions are conducted in the town. There is a lilac festival in Goulburn every October. Population (1991) 21,453.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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