Dozens of Native American peoples lived in the Milwaukee region over the centuries, among them the Winnebago, Sac (Sauk), Fox, Ojibwa, Ottawa, and, by 1700, Potawatomi. They were joined in the 1600s by fur traders who made Milwaukee a minor outpost in the commercial empire of New France.
Native settlement and the fur trade both came to an end in the 1830s. Endowed with a sheltering bay and a deep river, Milwaukee attracted the attention of speculators who hoped to make the site a metropolis. The first public land sale was held in 1835, and the city of Milwaukee incorporated in 1846—two years before Wisconsin became a state. The city's first mayor was Solomon Juneau, a French-Canadian fur trader who had come to Milwaukee in 1818.
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