The population of the city of Cincinnati declined from 385,457 in 1980 to 364,040 in 1990, a 5.6 percent decrease. While the rate of decline slowed, the decrease continued into the 1990s; the city's population was 336,400 in 1998. But growth has been the pattern in the 12-county metropolitan region centered on Cincinnati. There the population rose from 1,468,000 in 1980 to 1,526,000 in 1990. By 1995 it was estimated that the population of the metropolitan area had climbed to 1,592,000.
Blacks have been prominent in Cincinnati since around the time of its founding. Immigrants from Germany began coming to Cincinnati in the 1830s to escape political persecution and to seek economic opportunity. Today, a strong German heritage gives parts of the city a European flavor. Formed from the German immigration was a small but significant Jewish community, and in the 1870s Cincinnati became the birthplace and center of Reform Judaism in America. In the 1840s many Irish moved to the city, forced from Ireland by the potato famine.
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