The population of Boston increased less than one percent between 1980 and 1990 to 574,283. By 1998 the city's population was 555,447. Population projections for the years 2000 and 2010, however, predict growth to above 600,000. The Boston Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) had an estimated population of 5,828,000 in 1997 (up 6.8 percent since 1990). Physically, Boston is quite small at about 126 sq km (about 49 sq mi), ranking 69th in physical size among U.S. cities. However, Boston has the sixth highest population density among cities nationally with 4,401 person per sq km (11,398 per sq mi) in 1992.
At the time of the 1990 census whites made up 62.8 percent of Boston's population, blacks 25.6 percent, Asians and Pacific Islanders 5.3 percent, Native Americans 0.3 percent, and those of mixed heritage or not reporting ethnicity 6.0 percent. Hispanics, who can be of any race, made up 10.8 percent. In contrast, in the Boston Metropolitan region in 1996 whites made up 90.7 percent, blacks 5.7 percent, Hispanics (who may be of any race) 5.1 percent, and Asians and Pacific Islanders 3.4 percent. In the city of Boston, the three largest ancestry groups in 1990 were African American, Irish, and Italian. About one in ten Bostonians was foreign-born. Three out of four speak only English, while one in twelve speaks Spanish. The next four most commonly spoken languages are French, Chinese, Italian, and Portuguese.
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