Kars, city in northeastern Turkey, capital of Kars Province, on the Kars River. The city is on a rail line and a roadway joining Turkey and Armenia. It is a commercial hub as well as an administrative center; manufactures include rugs, wool and leather goods, and processed milk. During the 9th and 10th centuries, Kars was the center of an independent Armenian principality. Turks besieged the city in the 11th century, Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries, and Persians in the 18th century. Following the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Kars was ceded to Russia. The city reverted to the Turks in a 1921 treaty. Population (1990) 78,455.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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