Many of Istanbul's problems stem from its steady population growth and unequal income distribution. There is a serious shortage of classroom space in the city's schools. The suburbs suffer from the uncontrolled proliferation of shantytowns, constructed on government land and often occupied by new residents of the city; the shantytowns are permitted to stand due to a loophole in Turkish law. Air pollution is a serious problem, and the increasing volume of shipping on the Bosporus has caused significant water pollution.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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