Guernica, in full Guernica y Luno, town, northern Spain, in Vizcaya Province, near Bilbao. It has traditionally been a center of Basque culture. Food processing, metalworking, and furniture manufacturing are the principal industries. A stronghold of the Loyalist forces during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Guernica was devastated by German air bombardment in 1937. The tragedy has been memorialized by Pablo Picasso in a monumental oil painting, Guernica (1937, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid). Population (1998 estimate) 15,485.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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