Craiova, city in southwestern Romania, capital of Dolj County, near the Jiu River. The city is in a rich agricultural area that produces grain, cattle, and vegetables. Craiova is the chief commercial center of Romania west of Bucharest. Among the principal articles of trade are cattle, agricultural produce, fish, leather, and pottery; industrial establishments include flour mills, tanneries, and factories producing rope, soap, terra-cotta ware, automobiles, and railroad equipment. The University of Craiova (1966) is here. The city is on the site of the ancient Roman town of Castra Nova. During medieval times Craiova was the capital of Little Walachia. Population (1997 estimate) 310,838.
