Turku, city, southwestern Finland, at the mouth of the Aurajoki River. Shipbuilding is the main industry. The harbor, with four entrances, is kept open in winter with icebreakers. The fire of 1827 destroyed a cathedral, built in 1258, and the university, founded in 1640. The new University of Turku was established in 1920. The city also has a school of economics. The city, founded in 1157 by Eric IX, king of Sweden (reigned 1150-60), was capital of Finland until 1812, when the seat of government was moved to Helsinki. Population (2000 estimate) 172,107.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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