Ranchi, city in northeastern India, capital of Jharkhand state. Located on the Subarnarekha River, Ranchi is the market center of a fertile agricultural region, with processing and trading in rice, tea, and cotton. Industries include bauxite mining, machine-tool manufacturing, and shellac processing. The city is well connected by road and rail, and there is an airport with connections to Kolkata (Calcutta) and Delhi. The headquarters of the National Coal Development Corporation and the Heavy Engineering Corporation are in Ranchi. It is the seat of Ranchi University (founded in 1960). Located in the scenic Chota Nagpur Plateau, Ranchi is an important center for tourism, with waterfalls, lakes, and wildlife sanctuaries in the vicinity. The city was designated the capital of Jharkhand when the state was formed in November 2000. Population (1991) 599,306.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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