Jining, city in eastern China, in southwestern Shandong Province. The city lies on the north bank of the Grand Canal, about 100 km (about 60 mi) south of the Huang He (Yellow River). Jining is an industrial city that produces machinery, electric power, chemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and electric appliances. Some traditional handicrafts are still produced in Jining, such as bamboo, iron, and wood implements. Agricultural products of the region include wheat, rice, corn, beans, cotton, and peanuts. Jining is connected to Beijing and Shanghai by rail. There are a number of historic sites in Jining, including an iron pagoda dating from the Song dynasty (960-1279). Jining long served as Shandong Province's most important town along the Grand Canal. In 1855, however, the Huang He shifted course, causing the Grand Canal north of Jining to fill with silt. By the end of the 19th century, this section of the canal could only be used during the wet season and the city declined rapidly. Rail lines were built in the early 20th century that benefited the nearby town of Yanzhou more than Jining, and the population of Jining dwindled further. Recent restoration of the Grand Canal has provided new opportunities for growth in Jining. Population (1991) 265,248.Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
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